Alternative energy sourses Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

substitute(a) energy sourses - Research Paper ExampleIf oil re master(prenominal)s the worlds pre-eminent ancestor of energy in the coming days, it would make the problem worse for the whole world (Stern, 2007). The best quarrel of action to resolve or reduce the danger of humans oil habituation is an anaesthetise of much discussion and dissention (Green, 2007). Sustainable energy sources are the best option for decreasing oil dependence and this should be encouraged or even mandated. The problem of oil dependence World energy necessitate has been change magnitude continually and is projected to increase further. Despite increases in world oil prices, hydrocarbon fuels such as oil, coal and natural gas work been used primarily thus far to supply this increasing energy demand. There are a variety of dangers that result from this dependence according to Newman (2002). Because the last know major oil reserves that havent been depleted are in the Middle East, the oil-consuming w orld is dependent on the Persian Gulf for oil, Which leaves oil consuming cities and countries with a deep-seated feeling of vulnerability. US cities are oddly vulnerable as they have an average consumption of 431 gallons of gas per person as compared with European cities development an average of 133 gallons per person (Newman, 2002). There are many different views on problem with dependence on oil. One rattling important theoretical approach to dealing with the problem is that certain actions should be back up by Federal legislation i.e. development of more alternative energy sources. Alternative Energy Sources The Alternative Energy Institute (AEI) is a leading authority on developing alternative sources of energy and they admit extensive information about various new alternative sources of power that are being developed. The main alternative power sources being used in the U.S. are solar power, hydrogen fuel cells, odourise power, hydropower, ge separatemal power, biomass and tidal power (Green, 2007) The Alternative Energy Institutes about solar power are very positive. They observe that in a 24-hour period the sun provides more energy than the human race can buoy use in the next 27 days (Riley and McLaughlin, 2001). Solar power has been being developed for everyplace one hundred years. However, most of the development has taken place in the last thirty years since the first practical solar cells were developed in the early 1970s. AEI notes that solar power has tremendous potential, however what has caused this clean and renewable energy resource to not get the highest priority has been its cost. Coal and oil have been less expensive and this cost difference has precluded solar power from growing like it could (Riley and McLaughlin, 2001). Hydrogen and go off Cell technology also is of interest to the alternative energy institute. Hydrogen is the most abundant piece on earth and it has potential to propel planes, trains, automobiles, etc.(Elli ott, 2003). It has been used in NASA manned flights since 1965. However, it will take years of research and development before this clean renewable energy source may revolutionize the window pane industry. Fuel cells have the benefits of being produced in country instead of being imported, affect the most oil-dependent dose area and can dramatically reduce health hazards from automobile exhaust. Automakers from Japan, Europe and America are diligently working to perfect this technology. However, a limitation of hydrogen is that it requires energy to free it from water or other resources that contain it. Besides that, it also needs twice as much energy to produce

The Handwashing Techniques Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Handwashing Techniques - Assignment Example utilise the literature I will look at and explore the factors that may have influenced the learner and their surgical operation in Scenario One (hand washing). I will then, with reference to the literature, identify one of these contributory factors and critically address and analyse the instructs role in addressing the identified factor. I will then identify recommendations for best practice.thither are many definitions of appraisal in the literature. According to Rowntree (1987) assessment occurs whenever one person in slightly kind of interaction, direct or in direct, with another is conscious of obtaining and interpreting information about the companionship and understanding of the abilities and attitudes of this person. Curzon (1990) defines assessment as the process of collection, measuring and interpreting information relating to students responses to the process of focusing. Ewan and White (1996) define assessment as the p rocess by which teachers attempt to gauge student progress and nurture. Quinn (2000), states that through assessment in practice judgement is made on the quality of the learners work, as a way of supporting the learner and of appraising their achievement of their set of outcomes. The common theme of the above mentioned definitions is bill and progression or competence and outcome Flanagan et al (1999). From the scenario we see that the student is being assessed formatively. It is important that the mentor is aware of the difference between formative and summative assessments. Price (2005) discusses the two purposes of assessment Formative assessment in which the mentor is the advisor. The formative assessment is to advise the student of progress towards the goal. Summative assessment is in order to judge the learning. The purpose of the assessment in the given scenario is to observe the attention of asepsis. Medical asepsis is defined as, the procedures used to reduce the number of microorganisms and prevent their spread. Mosby 2009. One of the basic principles of health care that is drill into the minds of all health care professionals from a very early stage in their training is the enormousness of maintaining strict asepsis in their handling of patients. The lesson is repeated so often as to become secondment nature for health care professionals. The reason that maintenance of asepsis is stressed upon so often in medical practice is that significant benefits can accrue from following a few simple rules. The array of transmission of infection from on patient to another in wards and OPDs can be reduced significantly. sterileness can also be productive towards decreasing the incidence of illness among health care workers themselves by reducing transmission of pathogenic bacteria from patients to carers.A number of rules are in practice for the maintenance of asepsis. These include specific techniques for handwashing and use of sterilization procedures for the sheets, instruments and apparatus used in relation with patients.In the chosen scenario, the student follows the instructions taught to the letter, but forgets to apply simple sense to the situation and soils her hand without even realizing what she has done. there can be a number of

A Paper On Barack Obama's Speech in Cairo Essay

A Paper On Barack Obamas Speech in capital of Egypt - Essay ExampleWomens rights All these issues are the main culprit in molding the adult male in its current state of disarray. It is transformable that all of them should be focused to obtain long call stability in our world. But in my point of view, one issue among these stands apart and is most big in the current era. Thats the issue of nuclear branchs and its associated conflict with Iran. Now why it is so grievous to address this issue is because it is the unless problem if not forethought jakes lead to immediate goal on a massive scale. It is not a matter of one country, race of nuclear weapon if initiated will put the whole mankind on the brink of extinction. unfortunately with todays engine room the war will not last long. When nuclear weapons were initially developed they were destructive but instantaneously with the introduction of hydrogen bomb and anti matter technology they are devastating. If initiated it wil l lead to decay of our beautiful planet. Therefore, it should be our foremost responsibility to address this issue very seriously. What Barack Obama express? Regarding this specific guinea pig Barack Obama clearly stated that this is not only about Americas interest but of the human race as a whole. He is not fighting on the grounds of personal friction in fact it is based upon the threat imposed by path chosen by Iran. Now in my opinion this is a valid stance from the Americans but Irans response with hostility and aggression can be associated with the past history between these two countries. Also we should look into some facts here and coiffure few questions in order to unveil one possible reason for Irans unresponsiveness. Whos the only country in the history of mankind guilty of two nuclear explosions on a intemperately populated area killing thousands of people in an instance? I think we all go to bed the answer. There have been many justifications given for this act inc luding one which states that it reduced the duration of war by several years and saved many lives. But the reason I bought this up is to emphasize the impaction of that history on this present world. For instance, if a man is drunk and preaching about the hazards of alcohol. Is it possible that he will be acknowledged? Again there are two possibilities listener may understand that he has an experience and knows the effect very well hence he is warning of the outcome and should be listened or listener may question that how can a person who drinks himself ask anyone else to refrain from it. Unfortunately Iran belongs to the second category and Obamas assertions on this point will prove to be inadequate. What could have been said? In his speech he should have outlined if America, who has one of the biggest stockpiles of nuclear arms, plans on demolishing or at least minimizing its nuclear program. Charity begins at home and if America claims to be a answerable country she should take solid steps to initiate a movement by which we can rule rid of these weapons of mass destruction. Also Barack Obama should have mentioned the threat imposed by the terrorists in todays world. And the consequences if those weapons are acquired by them. Hence, the emphasis should have been on the issue of securing such destructive warheads. We know that Iran claims that their nuclear plants are only for constructive purposes and they dont have any intention of preparing nuclear warheads. below present circumstances,

Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Nationality, in-migration and Asylum Law - Essay ExampleShould the parents happen to marry at some time subsequently the birth, citizenship is automatically tending(p) to the child retroactively. If the child is over 14 at that time, however, his or her consent is needed. some soulfulnesss are entitled to Wulfrunian citizenship by a simpler process than naturalization. Renunciation of foreign citizenship is still almost evermore required. Minor children of a person apt(p) Wulfrunian citizenship are normally granted Wulfrunian citizenship as well.Former citizens of fresh independent Wulfrunia who alienated citizenship other than by renunciation or deprivation may be granted Wulfrunian citizenship after 1 years residence in Wulfrunia. Wulfrunian citizenship must have been possessed for 10 long time to begin with it was lost.A stateless person born in Wulfrunia may be granted Wulfrunian citizenship within cardinal geezerhood of age 18 if he has lived in Wulfrunia for a total o f 10 years, including 5 years continuously before application.An Wulfrunian citizen who acquires another citizenship by voluntary action automatically loses Wulfrunian citizenship. The exception is in cases where permit to retain Wulfrunian citizenship has been obtained in advance. In practical terms this is quite difficult to obtain, since it needs to be in the interest of the republic of Wulfrunia to grant this multiple citizenship. Wulfrunian citizenship is also automatically lost by serving in a foreign army.In the UK, the Natio... Minor children of a person granted Wulfrunian citizenship are normally granted Wulfrunian citizenship as well.Spouses of Wulfrunian citizensThe marriage has to have lasted a minimum of 5 years and The couple has to have lived unneurotic for 5 years and The spouse applicant has to have lived in Wulfrunia permanently for a minimum of 6 years. Long residence in WulfruniaA person who has lived in Wulfrunia for 30 years, or 15 years in cases of sustain ed personal and occupational integration is entitled to grant of Wulfrunian citizenship.Former Wulfrunian citizensFormer citizens of newly independent Wulfrunia who lost citizenship other than by renunciation or deprivation may be granted Wulfrunian citizenship after 1 years residence in Wulfrunia. Wulfrunian citizenship must have been possessed for 10 years before it was lost. A person who lost Wulfrunian nationality as a child (other than by deprivation) may re-acquire it by declaration within 2 years of turning 18. Stateless persons born in WulfruniaA stateless person born in Wulfrunia may be granted Wulfrunian citizenship within two years of age 18 if he has lived in Wulfrunia for a total of 10 years, including 5 years continuously before application.Loss of Wulfrunian citizenshipAn Wulfrunian citizen who acquires another citizenship by voluntary action automatically loses Wulfrunian citizenship. The exception is in cases where permission to retain Wulfrunian citizenship has bee n obtained in advance. In practical terms this is quite difficult to obtain, since it needs to be in the interest of the republic of Wulfrunia to grant this dual citizenship. Wulfrunian citizenship is also automatically lost by serving in a foreign army.Dual citizenshipWulfrunian righteousness substantially

Critical Writing (debating cultural idea) Essay

Critical Writing (debating cultural idea) - Essay ExampleMost traditional cultures stimulate strong attachments to certain beliefs that define accepted moral conduct and virtues. For instance, the baptistery of the Chinese culture on a lower floor consideration, the creator of No Name Woman, Maxine Hong Kingston discloses that a number of customs seem unrealizable in the United States remain sound and commonly acceptable in mainland China (Kingston, 1976). The traditional China regarded women as low-level residents in the society. The women had no chance of making an opinion that can define every social-economical or political fate of a society. The women were required to follow and value the doubt of the customs. In the geek under consideration, the Chinese adult female who committed suicide was never counted as one of the children. The culture did not allow even mentioning that, the victim was part of the bereaved family. This is an assurance that had no place in democracies such(prenominal) as the US, which appreciated a better culture (Kingston, 1976). The author Chinese-American immigrant finds it difficult to accommodate the US culture, with her Chinese mind.Equally, the case indicates that, the authors aunt, committed adultery when her husband had travelled to America. According to the Chinese culture, the woman acted against the Chinese norms on social and family life, which called for stoning, but instead she was sent back to her parents. This indicates the strength of the Chinese customs, which makes the author difficult to take in the American culture (Kingston, 1976). These acts created a cultural conflict between members of the family who believed that a taboo should not be broken. This resulted to the woman considered an outsider, who could not be allowed to be one of the family members. The author of the case study expresses a cultural conflict on these acts.The author feels that the Chinese culture is too antediluvian patriarch in compar ison with the American one. The sees the acts of the villagers on the home house as

Journal of learning style Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Journal of learnedness style - Essay ExampleI decided to begin with a short Study Skills estimation questionnaire provided on-line by Columbia Basin University (Appendix 1), containing fifty-six questions received feedback indicates that I could improve strategies used for culture as well as for concentration and memory. Thinking roughly this I wrote up a individualized SWOT analysis in an attempt to find further evidence of my strengths and weaknesses. I found a downloadable example from Bristol Business School, belonging to the University of Western England (Appendix 2), which helped me with the questions I should ask myself. This exercise proved quite cadence consuming and needed much effort on my part to really think about and resolving power each question as fully and as honestly as I could nevertheless I did persevere and ascertained my strengths as an outgoing, imaginative and very personable at a social level. My weaknesses imply writing, especially long assignments o r reports this Journal assignment is not too difficult because it is broken into dirigible sections, oral presentations and making decisions. The most useful aspect of this task was that it induced me to really think about my strengths and weaknesses, as well as any considered threats and how I intended to deal with them.Next I immaculate a learning approaches questionnaire (based on Approaches to Study Inventory (Tait & Entwistle 1996) and provided on-line by Bournemouth University (Appendix 3). Results indicate that I throw off a surface/passive approach to learning and that I tend to reproduce information and act to memorize subject matter rather than delving further or seeking to extend that information, that I stay closely to the syllabus provided by the lecturers and do not follow up interest of my own.At this caput I wanted to know more, so because a discussion on learning styles is a piece of this Learning Journal, I decided to spend time researching learning styles and

Select 3 artworks designed by 3 graphic artists of your choice Essay

Select 3 artistic creationworks designed by 3 graphic artists of your choice. avocation an extensive research on the elements and principles - Essay ExampleThe message in it is savor good. Although there is a sense of humor in the design of this work, this has not overridden the sense of seriousness in it because his sincere manifestation and intimate approach elevate his design. Evidently, the graphic designer has managed to achieve a commendable presentation of the elements and principles of art in this piece of work. The color selection and distribution has been wisely done and this has created a good brisk contrast, enhanced harmony in the artwork and helped to mark out the shapes of the various characters of the artwork more clearly. in that respect is a good contrast between the various components of the art like the acacia trees, the shrubs, the Good design and the sky. caryopsis and shape are well brought out in the artwork using shapes, color and lines. A angiotens in converting enzyme look at artwork is enough to reveal that the acacia leaves are smooth but they have hasty thorns and the branches of the shrubs are sharp and prickly. The artist has managed to stimulate the feel good mood through a strategic positioning of the Good design, using color contrast and shape to emphasize on it and the use of the brilliant color tones around it. The tactful tilting of G and d is powerful enough to provoke limitless feeling of happiness in the viewers of the artwork. There is a good use of space and representation of surpass through a careful selection of color shades, use of send off and size of objects. For example, bigger and light objects represent the nearest distance while the furthest part of the sky is represented by the relentless blue color. Generally, the artwork is of a good scale, it is well balanced and all the components are proportional. No component is too big or small for its location and neither is one-half of the artwork more overladen than the other one. This work is both directional and emphatic. wiu.edu (1) defines direction as the visual path the viewers eye will follow. Direction has been created using color and observers can easily assume their standing vertex behind the dark leaves and focus towards the artworks focal point, the Good design. By paying aid to the smaller details of this work, Sagmeister managed to come up with a piece of graphic art that offers something new both time one looks at it. Bobby Logic Bobby Logic is one graphic artist who strongly believes that artwork is a mood shifter and awakens the inner soul of man. This is clearly evidenced by the artists pieces of work including the Sancta Margot, a piecework he produced in 2011. Seemingly, the intention of this art is to enlighten the hearts and minds of those who see it by generating a dramatic mood. The artist has achieved this very well. The selection of bright colors, especially for the Sancta Margot and the bubbles is po werful enough to excite the mind of the viewers and bring radiant beauty, making life colorful and vibrant. The artist also deserves address for his careful use of line to enhance the mood of the artwork. The soft sensitive lines of the face and arms were useful in creating a graceful image, which is powerful enough to generate emotional attachment unlike when he could have used a heavy gesture line or mechanical lines. The representation of the bubbles as round, bright and smooth is helpful in drawing the viewers of this artwork into a solemn bit of reflecting on the good and pleasurable side of life. The careful use of lines and color has also helped to enhance shape, bracing

Minnie Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Minnie - Essay ExampleIn the first stanza it is described about how the sweet and tricksy little Minnie becomes a responsible sister at the age of four. In spite of her techy age since a baby boy is borne after her she has to take care of him. The line you are the titanic sis connotes that the caring attitude and attention of the elders is now diverted from the lady friend child to the baby boy. Not entirely that, the girl is considered as big enough to take care of her little brother. The girl succumbs to the pressure of the elders and makes compromises end-to-end her childhood. Here compromises means the character Minnie has abandoned her rights of being loved and cared in her playful days for the precedent that she is borne as a girl child and there is a boy already there who deserves more(prenominal) attention as per social norms.The second stanza provides a good continuity to the narration where Minnie, the character of the verse form is in her youthful years. By the lin e Wedding bells and diamond ring it is intended that a girl in her nubile age can be of very ro soldierytic and contemplative about the beauties of everything. She dreams of love, romance, and an spirit life partner. The beautiful days, she dreamt of are not so long lasting for her. After marriage she hears from everybody that she has handsome up to a wise woman and she should make adjustments with her husband, with the in-laws and with every situation. The line Prudent Woman, respect man is intended to the voice of the society which clearly speaks of manlike dominance and their presence at the helm of affairs. The allusion of male chauvinism can be very well deciphered from the above line.The third stanza typically describes the operate of woman particularly during her old age. Minnie is now completely alone. She has her children but has been deserted by all. Though she has poured her love, partiality to all members of her family but those are hardly remembered by them. A wido w who has not learned to flavour the challenges of the outer world often cries in the lone life. But what she can do except judge the situation as they are and making compromises.The poem reiterates the prevalence of gender discrimination in the coeval society, where woman has to take a backseat in the social hierarchy. Least importance is being given to their suit and comfort. Throughout their life they suffer by adjusting to the adverse situations.A Short StoryIndependence mean solar dayIt was an early awakening for Zayed. He sat and looked at his Grandpas photograph. Usually, he wakes at six (of course after Mamas yelling), keeps his bedding and sleeping mat in proper place, brushes in few seconds and goes out to bring a pouch of milk. Everyday Zayed used to

Project at Aux Bons Soins Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Project at Aux Bons Soins - Essay Example may be this was in response to the sentiments coming through from the finance department. But this as well move the wrath of the end users of the pertly system. They were up in arms mainly due to what they termed as preoccupation with drive homey time lines and technical implementation. They opined the pop the question motorbus had no regard to personal considerations of the rest of the group especially the end users of the system being implemented. Several managers involved with the project felt that there was more(prenominal) emphasis on the speed of implementation as opposed to the nature of business processes. Some of the squad members lamented that he/she was being paralyzed by the constant reporting on deliverables that the project manager was imperativeness on. The line managers started having second thoughts ab bug out the project thereby questioning the credibility of the IT team. This came through even as the IT team mainta ined that the system being implemented would revolutionize business processes and increase efficiency. These squables paralyzed the project manager and rendered him ineffective due to his inability to mobilize the team members to own the project. There had to be a change of strategy if not personalities. This was made necessary by the fact that the very people who were pass judgment to own and drive the project had turned out to be its biggest critics. This complicated matters because they were the same people who were relied upon to deliver the new system. Their grievances may not have been very genuine but they were paralyzing the project none the slight a solution therefore had to be found. From the three stories, nothing is said of the professional qualifications and experience of the showtime project manager. I have reason to believe that if at all he was well learn and experienced project manager, he would have been able to factor in the grievances being aired by both the users and the finance department. He may not be the one to b ar the entire clean for the difficulties faced in the project but its expected that having implemented other projects before he must have come across such opposition before. He would have employed his foregoing experience to solve the current mess. A change in leadership of the project was necessary. Solutions A new project manager who had a vast experience in project management was brought on board. Andre Gagne has been trained as an accountant and also had a masters degree in selective information technology. Those are two areas of expertise that were very vital for the project which may be the former project manager didnt have or chose not to employ. Having managed several other systems that involved integration of business processes and information technologies not to mention the solid background in insurance industry, he was well placed for the job. inside a short time, the new project leader was able to win the c onfidence of team leaders and restored the credibility of the project. Some of the changes he made that eventually saw the success of the project was sharing out the work. He reorganized the team into multidisciplinary teams in charge of developing solutions for the various problems that the project was to solve. Each multidisciplinary team consisted of experts from the relevant departments, management and the IT technical team. He went on to put together an orientation meeting

Contemporary Developments in EC Law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Contemporary Developments in EC Law - Case field of honor ExampleThe arbitrators decision in such matters was held to be legally binding without providing the right of appeal.The EEC treaty - Article 118a states that the Member States should pay particular attention to encouraging improvements. This is to be especially enforced in the working environment giving special emphasis to the health and safety of workers. Further, the Member States objective should be the harmonization of conditions, with due attention being given to maintaining the improvements already made. In order to help procure this objective the Council, acting by a qualified majority on a proposal from the Commission, in cooperation with the European Parliament and after consulting the Economic and Social Committee, should adopt, by means of directives, minimum requirements for gradual implementation, winning into consideration the conditions and technical rules obtaining in each of the Member States. The provisi ons adopted pursuant to this Article should non prevent any Member State from maintaining or introducing more stringent measures, which atomic number 18 formulated for the pull out purpose of protecting the working conditions of workers, compatible with this Treaty.Employees on fixed term contracts should be treated as favorably as permanent workers are. There are two sets of regulations required to implement the EC meliorate Term Work Directive 1999/70/EC (the Fixed-Term Employees (Prevention of Less gilded Treatment) Regulations 2002 and the Part-time Workers (Prevention of Less Favourable Treatment) Regulations 2000 (Amendment) Regulations 2002). The basic idea of the new fixed term work regulations is to make it unlawful to treat a fixed-term employee less favourably than a comparable non-fixed term employee engaged in similar work (subject to a defense of objective justification). Several other related issues are also covered, notably automatic regeneration of fixed term contracts to contracts of indefinite length after four years removal of the current capability for an employee to agree that he will not claim statutory redundancy pay on outcome of a fixed term and making the completion of a task contract count as dismissal for unfair dismissal purposes. The basic idea of the new part time work regulations is to control that it is not possible for an employer to escape from the fixed term work regulations by employing fixed term workers on a part time basis. (Employment Law, 28th April 2004 ).From the foregoing, it is evident that Sonja though a non-fixed term employee, has the rights that the regular workers have. We go in at this conclusion based on the EC Fixed Term Work Directive 1999/70/EC, which states that the treatment meted out to non-fixed term and fixed term employees should be the same. When such is, the case Sonja should have been provided with tutelar gear. Since, she was not provided with protective gear, at least her hospitaliz ation bills should have been paid in full.Since the questions of Sonjas rights are settled unequivocally, it remains to consider as to how Sonja is to gain redressal for her grievance. In this regard, the recent developments in the EC Law are next enumerated, health and safety has been given wide prominence in the EU context. It encompasses not nevertheless the avoidance of accidents and prevention of disease but also all aspects of the workers

Hewlett packered Strategic Choices mgt 499 Essay

Hewlett packered Strategic Choices mgt 499 - Essay ExampleThis root aims at understanding and analysing what changes Hurd has made to organisation and how it fits in with his vision for the smart set (HP, 2008).When Hurd was elected as the chief operating officer of the Hewlett Packard, he also brought just about a new vision for the company. He did not concentrate on the competition that the company faces. Hurd has a strong belief which he said out in wholeness of the meeting, where he mentioned that it is important to understand how long it might take for a company to ensure the work is done. He has always believed that HP has a very soaring potential to improve a herd and that a few changes will help the company grow to higher levels of success. This he has been able to strain and show in the results. Once Mark was appointed it was within five months that the company started showing improvements. He emphasised on the no Drama nonsense and it was felt through out the organi sation. Hurd brought in a strict environment of No nonsense which has created a strong impact over the entire organisation.Hurd has shown the richness he gives to the company performance and has been a person who believes in numbers, spreadsheets and mainly execution. He has proved in his traits that he would not tolerate any nonsense and did not believe in pitching high visions for the company. Hurd has during the first five months of his tenure tried to calm things down in the company. The company has had an idea where the company has some earthshaking event once either 15 minutes. Hurd has tried to ensure this is firstly settled as it is not clear where this idea has been developed from. Hurd believes in executing and does not bother about what is being spoken or said.Hurd has worked really hard to ensure there is complete accountability for every employee within the organisation. Hurd emphasised that the company is in no way the same old pre Fiorina HP. Hurd as mentioned p reliminary is very results

International Trade Operations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

International Trade Operations - Essay ExampleThis unwrap has been chosen as the central objective of this report and therefore, assessing various payment perils underlying the operations of the go with concerned in international markets, this report highlights the crucial steps that need to be taken by ABC Ltd to reduce these assays to the extent that can enable the familiarity to minimize the hazard of incurring freeing in the course of international trade.As the report declares the company confronts with two kinds of pretends undermining the payment in essence of international trade. These risks could be in two forms either in the form of non-payment by the importer or in the form of late-payment due to a number of reasons. There are many factors that bring about the risk underlying payment in the international trade. As the line of credit operations are carried out on the cross-border level, several international as well as domestic events taking place within twain the merchandiseing and importing countries may have their impact on the extent of risk associated with payment. This is the greatest risk underlying the export trade, which may cause substantial business loss to the exporter. ABC Ltd is providing electronic goods to both the developed as well as developing countries therefore, it comes across many cases in which it fails to receive export payments form the importers due to lack of credit worthiness, no or little information about importer, organization policies and protection, lack of legal action and due to insecure payment modes.RISK OF LATE PAYMENTThis is another(prenominal) risk underlying export payments, which may also cause irreparable loss to the company. The manufacture of electronic goods requires continued flow of capital that is ensured by secured payment from the emptors of the products. Late payments may entail innumerable problems for the business in terms of re-scheduling its manufacturing process. Information about buyers and their countries can play an important role in pre-determining the probability of late payments and potential problems that may arise due to it.ASSESSMENT OF PAYMENT RISKSFollowing are the nearly common risks that are involved in receiving the payment of goods exported to other countriesCommercial risksThe commercial risks that are associated with the export payment are intimately related to the importers credit worthiness. These risks may turn into business loss if the buyer becomes bankrupt or insolvent rendering the exporter unable to receive the payment for goods exported. The commercial risks also implicate the non-acceptance of goods on the part of importer, showing his unwillingness to pay (Trade Facilitation and Electronic Commerce, accessed 02.01.2006).ABC Ltd also confronts the risk of neglectfulness on payment by a buyer or importer at the end of the credit period. The company risks the payment against goods exported when the buyer is less credit-worthy.Risk s Associated With Different Payment MethodsThe following are the common modes of payment utilize by ABC Ltd. in export trade. Some of them are highly insecure and involve risk potential. The risks associated with t

Lupin Marketing Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Lupin Marketing Plan - Essay ExamplePerceptual map has also been fain to analysis the competitors position in the industry so that Lupin can fulfill strategies accordingly along with the 4Ps. Finally to measure the effectiveness of the business plan, balance scorecard will be used which will determine the working and effectiveness of the strategies adopted and if any changes to be made in the business plan. Contents 1.Executive Summary 2 Contents 3 2. Introduction 5 3. Situation summary 5 4. SWOT Analysis 8 5. Evaluation of Alternative Strategies 10 6. Objectives 11 7. Recommended Strategy 12 8. Economic Evaluation 15 9. Implementation and Control 16 9.1 Managing, measuring and controlling 16 9.2 contingency plan 17 Reference 18 Bibliography 19 Appendix 20 25 2. Introduction With globalization acting as a permanent as well as irreversible part of the deliverance and economic life providing the firms with both opportunities as well as challenges to prove themselves and compete i n the competing merchandise environment. Therefore international expansion has become one of the prominent strategic responses towards global dynamics for organizations. internationalist expansion can be defined as a process through which the multinational go-ahead enters and also invest in some foreign country in pursuit of strategic objectives (Luo, 1999, p. 5). The purpose report highlights the process of internationalization and the benefits involved in the process of going global. The company taken into regard is Lupin pharmaceuticals which is among the top five pharmaceuticals companies in India. Lupin pharmaceutics plans to enter America with its product generic, specialty and API. The argue behind choosing America is that US is the largest foodstuff for pharmaceuticals and is also global leader in biopharmaceutical research. The US market provides a free pricing market and a favorable and also regulatory environment (Select USA, n.d). By entering the US market partic ularly America, Lupin aims to capture the market share and build in brand value in the international market. 3. Situation Analysis 3.1 Business Environment Political Pharmaceutical industry has over the years gathered political focus as well as compact from the government across the globe and its impact has been highly experienced in US industry. The US pharmaceutical industry tends to operates differently as compared to other national industries. Consumers and patients do not pay for their drugs directly, but secure them through government run healthcare systems. Political factors play a huge role in the regulation of distribution, manufacturing and also sale of the pharmaceutical with regards to safety of its consumer. The Food and Drug Administration is the regulatory soundbox in the US and sets a standard of quality (Castner, Hayes & Shankle, 2007). Economic The US pharmaceutical industry has been for decades among the most profitable and also growing sector encountered by th e American economy.

Jackson Pollock and Modern Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

capital of Mississippi pollack and Modern craft - Essay ExampleThe essay Jackson pollock and Modern Art explores the art of Jackson Pollock and his impact in the context of Modern Art. He was a roughshod, ill-mannered, prodigiously ambitious, aggressive, alcoholic, tormented artist . This image is important to an interpretation of the evidently chaotic nature of much of Pollocks works, and the technique that led to them. However, as is often the case with creative artists of all sorts, and particularly tonalityers such(prenominal) as Pollock, there was a method to his madness. As Toynton has pointed out, films of Pollock creating his motion pictures clearly show that even the approximately abstract of them start as figurative works and only move into the abstract as they develop.Pollock travel his sheet from the easel to the floor, thus enabling him to work on much larger tabloides with greater ease than before, and as well to see them from multiple points of view. In one re vealing statement he talked about his technique and why he used it My painting does not come from the easel. I hardly ever stretch the canvas before painting. I prefer to tack the unstretched canvas to the hard wall or the floor. I fate the resistance of a hard surface. On the floor I am more at ease. I feel ne arer, more part of the painting, since this way I can walk around it, work from the quaternary sides and literally be in the painting. It is interesting to note that Pollock takes an intense and yet casual come up to his painting. Thus the fact that he does not go through the often laborious process. of stretching the canvas before painting on it, but rather merely tacking it to a wall or floor illustrates the casual, almost primitive method of preparation. At the same time Pollock becomes more intensely involved with the painting, as if he were actually a part of itI continue to get farther away from the usual painters tools such as easel, palette, brushes, etc. I prefer sticks, trowels, knives and dripping fluid paint or a heavy impasto with sand, broken glass or other foreign matter added. When I am in my painting, Im not aware of what Im doing. It is only after a sort of get acquainted period that I see what I have been about. I have no fear of making changes, destroying the image, etc., because the painting has a life of its own. I try to let it come through. It is only when I lose contact with the painting that the result is a mess. Otherwise there is pure harmony, an easy give and take, and the painting comes out well. (Varnedoe, 23) The paper of being in the painting is of course hardly new to Pollock, but the fact that his technique apparently fitted into his emotional and intellectual attachment to the painting is. His physical technique standing on and thus at bottom the painting, had a profound effect some(prenominal) upon his creations and upon generations of creative artists in general and painters in particular, for years both durin g and after his lifetime. Pollock hinted, although never explicitly stated, that he was influenced by Native American sand paintings, which are made by trickling thin lines of colored sand onto a flat surface. After WWII, in 1947 Pollock began what he called his action paintings, which were at least partially informed by the surrealist ideas of psychic automatism. This automatism was meant to be a direct expression of the unconscious. A direct expression of something which is, by definition, unknowable to the conscious mind efficiency seem a

Have power and ideology been used to achieve consensus India Essay

Have power and ideology been used to achieve consensus India - Es show ExampleYet, the U.S. could not bring the same degree of representation and plurality that India can. In this respect Indian democracy can be said to be more functional than the more publicized democracies of the western world. But this is not to say that real-politic does not exist in India, or that political campaigns and policy-making are fair and just. In main(a) India, there were numerous instances of misuse and abuse of power. Even the once-revered Congress troupe (which was once led by the great Mahatma Gandhi) has straightaway reduced to yet another power broker, having lost its aura and initial sanctity. (Cohen, 2000, p.32) The modish sign of its deviation from founding principles is its close alliance with the United States of America, whose imperialist agenda is well enter and blatantly expressed. And recent Indian governments have projected America-led neoliberal capitalist ideology as something clement and progressive in garnering electoral consensus. Numerous American officials already used the term irreversible to withdraw the course of Indo-U.S. relations. No U.S. president visited Indiabetween January 1978 and March 2000, when President Clinton made a historic shimmy to the Subcontinent. Cabinet-level exchanges have since become routine, and President Bushs planned visit in early spring 2006 will reverberate an agenda that has come to encompass shared world-wide interests and concerns ranging from Iran and China to nuclear cooperation and biotechnology. Some have begun to canvas Bushs visit to Indiaas similar, in both intent and consequence, to that of Richard Nixon to China in 1972--which transformed Sino-U.S. relations and the global balance of powerfor the next three decades. (Khanna & Mohan, 2006, p.43) The Congress society, which has a history going back one hundred fifteen years, is not only the oldest but also the most successful political organization in the country. In the six decades of post-Independent democracy, the party has nearly monopolized power through consistent electoral victories. But the Congress Party of today (run chthonian the leadership of Sonia Gandhi, the widow of Rajiv Gandhi) doesnt follow the same ideology as that under Jawaharlal Nehru. Nehru, having studied law at Harrods and much inspired by Bertrand Russell and other progressive thinkers of the time, belonged to a unlike era and espoused a different set of political values. Since his time, the condition of the party has undergone steady decline and it has now become power-hungry and devoid of content and ideals. In its early days, the party stood for such noble principles as secularism, egalitarianism and moderation. But today, this ethos is completely lacking. (Charlton, 1997, p.265) A reflection of the Congress Partys lost stature is its electoral performance in the last two decades. Ever since the assassination of Rajiv Gandhi (the grandson of Jawahar lal Nehru) in 1991, the party could not decimate to win a majority of parliamentary seats. As a result, it is dependent on coalition partners in holding onto power. In the 2004 general elections, for example, the Leftist parties such as Communist Party of India (CPI) and Communist Party of India (Marxist) gave outside support to the Congress-led coalition government. Interestingly, it was the pressure exerted by Leftist parties that led to constructive social measures and policies during this tenure. The NREGA

Theory in Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Theory in - Research Paper pillow slipIn essence, the development of treat possibleness relies on the amount and type of question that has been conducted in this scope (Fitzpatrick & Wallace, 2006). In the treat profession, there are many theories that help explain clinical occurrences, thus, helping nurses during practice. 2. alliance between Nursing Theory and Research Halls theory of core, care, and cure is one of the theories that ease up contributed greatly towards successful breast feeding practice (Fitzpatrick & Wallace, 2006). Care is about the pro-active bodily care given to patients, which leads to acceptable patient-nurse relationships. Core, on the other hand, involves the use of communication to get information from the patient about their health status. Finally, Fitzpatrick & Wallace (2006) stir that the element of cure involves the administration of medicine and other forms of cure that are necessary for the patients wellbeing. In this theory, therefore, nurs ing is involved with attending to the person, through communication, taking care of the body through hands-on attention, and combating the disease through medical procedures involving drugs and other forms of treatment. ... Nursing theories are useful to practitioners in terms of providing descriptions, explanations, and predictions for clinical events. However, circumstances do not always allow people to exercise all these recommendations, causing diseases and injuries to occur. When this happens, nursing intervention is required to help the patient regain right(a) health. In this theory, the nurse establishes a good relationship with the patient and helps them coordinate their daily activities so as to re-establish proper healthcare. Analyzing the contributions that the two theories make to nursing practice, it is evident that none of theories cigarette provide the basis for investigate on its own. While Orem teaches about how nurses can facilitate self-care, Hall is more focus ed on how overall care should be provided by nursing professionals systematically. This goes to show that nursing should be based on a number of theories, in order to baffle up with comprehensive results. 3. Definition of Terms A case study is a methodological research conducted on particular entities, over a specific amount of time, with the aim of solving a fuss and demonstrating a given hypothesis. Ethnography is a type of research conducted in order to investigate how gentleman beings behave in their natural setting. It analyses such aspects as culture, behavior, and norms, which influence human behavior. As a research method, grounded theory deals with a study of how social interactions among people contribute to the formation of meaning to certain aspects of life. This theory aims at analyzing which particular processes within the society affect the majority, and what those processes are. Phenomenology is a study of

Radio in the 1930s Essay Example for Free

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Liberty in the history of America Essay Example for Free

exemption in the history of America EssayLiberty is outlined as the mood in which one or groups of throng or organism are let free from oppression, starvation, thraldom or disturbance of what ever bod. However, there are polar definitions and perspectives of the name as used by different privateities, communities, and groups of people. In the history of America, improperness has been used differently to express different ideas. If you tethered a cow on a green pastureland to feed you would be surprised at it when it feeds a puny then starts to stretch a air from the green pasture. If it is untied, it begins to feed just around the same spot.It wants to be free. There is good pasture. Why is it that the cow can not just feed and wait to be driven home in the evening? If a toddler was given an interesting play encounter and left in a locked room with plenty of light, it would stop playing and start to beseech its way out of the locked room. Why would it begin to cry and stop playing yet it is not tethered, it is not range or uncomfortable? We must look for emancipation even when we are not pressed level so hard. In fact, license according to capital of Nebraskas observation in 1864 is a term that is used to refer to different things or legal injury when used by different groups of people.Lincoln accents that license convey differently in the South as tumesce as in the North. He says that though acquaintance is the same word for all, it has different implications for different persons and regions. In other wards, the meaning of the term liberty is dep all overthrows on the con text edition within which it is used by the speaker. This essay focuses on the different perspectives of the term liberty as used by different personalities, at different situations, and at different times or seasons. The North, for example, has its own understanding of the term victory.More so, Douglass differs with Lincoln, in the opinion of what liberty is. O n the other hand, the pulverization owner and the planter control different definitions of the term liberty. Douglass feels that immunity from slavery would be best know as liberty. He came up with a new idea on what slavery entailed. Although in virtually cases slavery was solo associated with offering services in cotton f coat of arms of in America, Douglass matt-up that it was wide scatter to as far as the rice farms in South Carolina. He also talks of slavery being exercised in the household services offered to the elites of Boston.In addition to this, Douglass feels humiliated by lack of immunity in the carting services in Manhattan as a means of transportation of goods. He calls this slavery. He is disappointed by the manner in which Black Americans were mistreated, how the freed slaves were mishandled along the streets as well as the interaction of the white reformers, slaves and freed blacks. At this point in life, Douglass decided to recapture the drama of their gr appleing interaction with a focus on the black Americans, several(prenominal) of whom he recaptured dramatic experiences as they fought for republican slogans fulfillment.Douglass wrote very abject stories on slavery and liberty consequently describing what granting immunity would have meant to the enslaved. In his text entitle, Death or Liberty, Douglass highlights the plight of African American Slaves and the experiences with their masters. For example, Qouk Walker, a freedom fighter and a slave who is said to have taken his master to the court. Jones who was enslaved at Delaware house and had to purchase liberty, is also described as a freedom fighter by Douglass.For sure slavery is inhuman since some of the slaves lost there lives due to ignorance of the masters, some were mistreated and had poor health besides effecting(a) so hard. Some slaves went through a extremist act in order to buy their freedom. Although the revolution was a good way to demand for freedom, Douglas s betokens that the plotters had little or no courage to pursue it as effectively as to addition the liberty they wanted. However, it is noncontroversial that the activists in the blue States got their freedom through the battle. Nevertheless, they would not have found equality.It was a matter of conclusion or liberty. take overdom from slavery had to be obtained through a revolution in America. Liberty, according to Abraham Lincoln, is defined differently from the north. Eric Foner says that urbane war in America was a source of freedom blessings. Thus the civil war was paramount. Civil war solutioned in a new birth in freedom, remarked Lincoln. The join States fight for freedom in the civil war is seen to have been very necessary since it resulted in new forms of liberty. Liberty is not only found in the lack of enslavement only when also in politics, sparings and civil strives in America. license Declaration in America underscores the approximately fundamental human refine of Americans. More so, the constitution publicizes its rationale in securing the good fortune of freedom. In fact, President Roosevelt declared that the United States of America fight for the Civil War was not to be taken for granted since it brought with itself different forms of freedom. To emphasize on liberty, the president said that Americas liberty is symbolized by liberty caps, the legal statutes of liberty, and the liberty poles.In Americas expression of freedom they burnet draft cards, escaped from slavery, exercising the voting rights, as well as the burn of stamps. In this way Roosevelt expressed contentment in the four kinds of freedom achieved by the end of Civil War. To confirm the result of the war as a source of freedom, Bunch Ralph authored a text in the year 1940 stating that all persons within the streets of U. S were aware of the fact that America was well know as land of the Free. The term liberty in America did not stop growing aft(prenominal) the ci vil war.It has been growing and changing with the history of the country. Freedom will be used in scotch terms as freedom of economy where there is a misconception of the freedom to the access to fire arms by different individual and anti-government militia who claim to be oppressed in different ways. They argue that the right to own arms should be prioritized. According to modifications of the of the 1776 modern Americas Declaration of Independence some economic freedoms have been expressed. Today, Freedom from different forms of taxation, United Nations membership by the U.S. , welfare declarations and statute of economies, encompasses freedom. Globalization is a form of economic freedom which comes along with heated debates over who to trades with who and how? In reality, freedom has changed from just the mere decline of the civil wars blessings to economic and political terminology. That is why Lincoln thinks that freedom in the North is different from freedom in the South. Ye s, the new birth of freedom as described by Lincoln defines the widening of freedom contents.Freedom in the South meant independence towards governance of self, assurance of situation security and economic independence for more valuable and innovative opportunities. The freedom from slavery was one of the primary(prenominal) intentions of the participation in the civil war by the Southern Whites. Majority of the Southern Whites strangled for independence in order to eliminate slavery since they felt that slavery had been used as a means of getting freedom. Although many where fighting to end slavery, Thomas Jefferson owning more than 100 slaves authored a text on the inalienable right to liberty. In one way or the other he was right since the possession of slaves meant security and prosperity in economic status of an individual during the 19th century. Unfortunately, one would ask, whether the slaves were not entitled to freedom of movement and self expression and individual secur ity. In addition, it was easy then to ask, whoever was entitled to freedom and what the meaning of freedom was. The Northern Whites on the other hand fought for the security of Union as one way of gaining liberty. This entailed the ending of slavery for liberty to prevail.Lincoln further evoked the masses in the Northern by telling them that freeing slaves would be like freeing the free. The 1862 December was the Emancipation Proclamation Congress, in which Lincoln was moved to stir up the understanding of freedom in terms of freeing slaves. The limit of slavery would help to free the whole society, the rich and the poor. It was emphasized that freedom of the United States Whites would signify freedom to the entire globe. With reference to Lincoln, the term liberty provoked different understanding of from different personalities.He said, besides using the same word we do not mean the same thing. This was an observation he make in 1864. According to his observation, he states that in the North, freedom is a term used to refer to personal ability to enjoy the fruit of his sweat. The motive in the Northern residents was to work for good product and enjoying it. temporary hookup in the south the move towards freedom referred to the ability to become a master and enjoy the result of other persons work. The advocated for slavery. This was against the principles of work as per Lincolns understanding.Lincoln feels that it slavery reflects theft of some kind since slavery stole other persons of their hard work. The master enjoys the fruit of slaves hard work. Furthermore, it is from the beginning(a) World War that the rights of voting are granted to women who attained the age of 18 year. The 1865 Unions victory evoked the debates on nationality of Americans. Victory meant national norm. The redefinition of who an American citizen was became of paramount importance to incorporate different races of America as citizens.The fight for citizenship and voting rights as well as property ownership currently became a source of freedom to the enslaved. Union victory became symbolic of war freedom in terms of empowerment and equal opportunity to all American citizens. As mentioned earlier in this text that Douglass felt that freedom came only if the Black American was fully freed from slavery. He insisted that unless the black American had the right to voter turnout then he was not free. The black American was allowed to vote. Nonetheless, by1890s the South scraped off their voting rights thus emancipation of the Africa Americans.Liberty as defined by the Southern Planter class, did not allow African Americans on the choice to work on plantations. After the civil war most Southern Whites judge to continue with plantation farming at the expense of African Americans freedom. This meant that African Americans would only receive some form of wages for the labor they offered. Conversely, they were not free to choose on whether or not to work in the plant ations. By 1865, Freedom had not yet come to the former slaves in the South even after the end of slavery.Freedom to the Black was confined within limited boundaries which meant groundbreaking slavery. In this context, a planter wrote that beside a man being free, they may lack independence, which implied that African Americans essential not be given the right to vote nor the ownership of land. It was later on discovered that the African American slaves freedom implied freedom from forced labor. The reconstruction of 1865- 1866, came up with a rules and regulations governing their freedom limits. The African American former slaves were forced to sign labor contracts and start working on the plantations in the South.This was a rule under the president Johnson who as a result was impeached for the violation of human rights. The question on citizenship was so disturbing that even in the 1940s it was not easy for Asians to gain citizenship by naturalisation although their children b orn in America automatically became citizens. There was still lack of freedom for American residents. racial discrimination resulted from the barriers of citizenship. While Southern economy was based on agriculture, the northern economy was based on industrialization.Many factories were growing fast and making enormous profits in the North where freedom was undergo in transport systems. There was freedom of economy with factories making maximum profits. Unfortunately, that the immigrants of America within the cities specially in the factories worked under stressful and dangerous working conditions. Although some factory owner created habitable places for their workers most of them failed to acknowledge the need for hospitable working and living conditions for their workers. There was need for freedom from poor working conditions.Factory owners needed to be reminded on the need for clean working conditions. The cotton gin change magnitude production at the expense of slave labor. Women fell victims of enslavement and needed to be freed. There was extensive desire to broaden freedom quotations for African Americans in the U. S factories. Despite the constant strive to gain liberty in different perspectives White Americans have sluggishly accepted the African and Asian American as equals. It has take centuries to even have African American be recognized as people who need equal constitutional rights.Nevertheless, the situation is changing with modernity to extend of electing a Black American president as recently Barrack Obama was. Non whites have had to fight uncontrollably to gain that position. Numerous reconstruction presidential reconstruction amendments have been put in place in the fight for liberty. Women were termed as uneven men took a superior position in all domains of learning and economics as well as politics. In conclusion, there are different definitions of the term freedom depending on the region or the speaker.Lincoln discussed freedom in t he South as economical in which masters had power over their servants. The servants were basically slaves. He also described freedom in the North as one that mark slaves free from all aspects of forced labor, taxation any form of mistreatment. The planter also describes freedom as the one in which a freed slave would only need to get some wages but have no choice of whether or not to work in the whites plantations. It was mandatory for the slave to work for the master in order to ensure freedom of the Southern masters in terms of economic development.Finally citizenship and freedom of the union victory were form of freedom for the U. S residents. However, it is undisputed that most of the proterozoic African Americans bought their way to freedom and citizenship through slavery or even participating successfully in the civil war. Some African American had to take part in revolution in the fight for freedom. We still have to reexamine the meaning of freedom in more fields in the U. S where there is discrimination and racial prejudice. References Donald Herbert D. (1995). Lincoln. New York Simon and Schuster Eric J. (1993).To wake the Nations Race in the Making of American Literature. Cambridge Harvard University Press. Eric F. (1995). Free Soil, Free Labor, Free Men The Ideology Of the Republication Party Before Civil War. New York Oxford University Press. Herman B. (2000). A New Birth of Freedom The Republican Party and Freedmens Rights, 1861-1866. New York Fordham University Press. Neely M. E. (1991). The Fate of Liberty Abraham Lincoln and Civil Liberties. New York Oxford University Press. Paul C. N. (1971). The Sacred Trust American Nationality 1798-1898. New York Oxford University Press.

Aircraft on Ground Essay Example for Free

Aircraft on Ground EssayIn the fact of Bennett Solutions, if the support assembly does not fit, do we need to build the tree into a recursive present of considering buying an other(a) new part from Miami supplier or buying another from ARC, etc. apprize we just end that branch of the tree taking into account the cost of returning the product and the cut refund price? A There is no set answer, so make whatever premiss you think is reasonable, state it clearly, and proceed with it. Q Is the cost of rebooking per passenger another decision tree? What we are act to figure out is the % of load (occupied seats) and % of passengers looking to rebook same day etc. that are to be employ as fixed for calculations or as uncertainities. A Try to make as few assumptions as possible.As a general guideline, when the case gives you enough data (e. g. , historical numbers, estimates, etc), such that you can forecast a number directly, try to do that, instead of introducing new elements i n the decision tree. Q Is it possible to take flight of stairs an empty plane from capital of Chile to Miami in order to avoid a cancelled Miami Santiago flight? A Carefully read the notes at the end of the case one of them should stipulate something about this. Q How languish does it take to make the actual repair to the system once the parts arrive in Santiago? A Make an assumption that you consider easonable, state it clearly, and proceed from there Q Consider the sentence However, since this is a current initiative, there is only a 35% to 50% probability that support assemblies of different fleets testament fit perfectly and hence are interchangeable. There is no way to know in advance, this has to be checked on the aircraft when the component is installed. Does the above apply only to the part supplied by Bennett or it applies to the other suppliers? A It is safe to assume that it only applies to Bennett Cargo Sales as it refers only to the support assembly.

Brief Introduction of Abbottabad and Pakistani Support Network Essay Example for Free

push throughline Introduction of Abbottabad and Pakistani Support Network EssayThe worlds most wanted terrorist Osama bin Laden was killed on May 2, 2011 in a US Navy SEALs raid at a compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan. He was 54 course of studys old at the time of his death. The news of Osamas death spread like a wild fire in the entire world. It was a capacious victory for the U.S. in the war against terrorism and to eradicate Al Qaeda and a huge have the best to Al Qaeda. The news created a mix reaction in the world. In the U.S., crowds of young and old poured out on streets late at night chanting USA, USA while half way across the world in Pakistan, where Osama was killed, crowds were enraged at his death, held rallies and chanted death to America, and held mock funerals in his honor.Before spillage in to the details of the background and aftermath of his death, a brief introduction of the urban center of Abbottabad is very probative which shows why Osama was staying t here. Abbottabad is located in Northern Pakistan and is famous for its cool weather and beautiful terrain. It is the Aspen of Pakistan. Since, my family is from that region, hence evolution up I used to spend my summers there. It was a summer getaway hill spot for us and the city was always crowded of tourists from across the world. It is a heaven for the retirees too. As Osama was getting old and weak, this city was a best place for him to stay as it had a mixture of both urban facilities and inherent scenery.See more how to start a paragraphAccording to the U.S government, Osama was hiding in Abbottabad for about fiver years as one headline at CNNs website states, Officials lay in Laden complacent in Pakistan, no sign of escape plan. The top dog arises how he got in Pakistan and was subject to stay there and had no plans to flee. A hypothesis can be made that Osama had a deal with Pakistani intelligence agencies and was able to escape from Afghan mountains to a comfortable c ity of Abbottabad. This city houses Pakistan Military Academy (PMA) where every year thousands of army soldiers are trained. The whole city is built around Army barracks, schools and hospitals. The security of Army institutions and strength had increased many folds due to the suicide attacks in recent years.A follow up question arises how Pakistani government and intelligence not knew where Osama was hiding. He was living peacefully under the nose of the forces base camp. Living in Pakistan for 19 years, I often read this phrase in newspapers saying, however a bird cant fly without the orders of ISI. ISI is a famous Pakistani intelligence authorisation known for its role in South East Asian conflicts. ISI has been using jihadi militants to keep a check on Pakistani politicians, on Indians in Kashmir and on the government in Afghanistan. I in person think ISI knew where Osama bin Laden was, had a deal with him, provided him protection with a huge compound with shaft wired high w alls and security cameras and that is how he was able to stay so comfortably in Pakistan. I have absolutely no doubt that Pakistani intelligence did not know where he was. later Osamas death, according to CNNs website, Al Qaeda vowed to attack Pakistanis and Americans. Al Qaeda proclaimed that Osamas death was because of handful of traitors and thieves. This statement clearly shows that Al Qaeda had a deal with handful of officials in Pakistani government or ISI to gain protection for their leader. Without Pakistanis protection, it would not have been possible for a extraterrestrial like Osama, who could not even speak the local language, hide in Pakistan for several years.Works Cited* Al Qaeda threats, terror plans surface. (06 May 2011). Retrieved from http//articles.cnn.com/2011-05-06/world/pakistan.bin.laden_1_bin-laden-terrorist-network-sheikh-osama-al-qaeda?_s=PMWORLD. Date accessed 12 May 2011. * Starr, B., Benson, P. (12 May 2011). Officials Bin Laden complacent in Pakista n, no sign of escape plan. Retrieved from http//www.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/asiapcf/05/12/us.bin.laden.compound/index.html?iref=allsearch. Date accessed 12 May 2011. * Walsh, D., Adams R., MacAskill, E. Osama bin Laden is dead, Obama announces. (2 May 2011). Retrieved from http//www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/may/02/osama-bin-laden-dead-obama. Date accessed 12 May 2011.

Hindustan Unilever Ltd Essay Example for Free

Hindustan Unilever Ltd EssayHindustan Unilever special(a), a fast moving consumer goods follow, manufactures and sells sign care, private care, and solid food products in India and internationally. The company offers soaps, detergent bars, detergent powders, detergent liquids, scourers, etc. and personal products, such as vocal care, skin care, and hair care products, as well as deodorants, talcum powders, color cosmetic products, and Ayush wellness care and personal care products and services. It also offers packaged foods, such as atta, salt, bread, etc. ice creams and wintry desserts culinary products comprising tomato based products, fruit based products, soups, etc. and beverages, including tea and coffee. In addition, the company exports maritime and leather products, as well as offers chemicals Pureit in-home water purifiers and salon services.It offers food products primarily under the Annapurna, Brooke adherence 3 Roses, Annapurna, Brooke Bond Red Label, Brooke Bond Taaza, Brooke Bond Taj Mahal, Bru, Kissan, Knorr, Kwality Walls, Lipton, Magic, Magnum, and Modern brand names personal care products under the Aviance, Axe, Breeze, Clear, Clinic Plus, Closeup, Dove, ELLE 18, Fair Lovely, Hamam, Lakme, Lifebuoy, Liril 2000, Lux, Pears, Pepsodent, Ponds, Rexona, Sure, Sunsilk, TRESemm, and Vaseline brand names and home care products under the Active Wheel, Cif, rest Fabric Conditioner, Domex, Rin, Sunlight, Surf Excel, and Vim brand names. The company was formerly k this instantn as Hindustan Lever Limited and changed its name to Hindustan Unilever Limited in May 2007. Hindustan Unilever Limited was founded in 1931 and is based in Mumbai, India. As of July 4, 2013, Hindustan Unilever Ltd. operates as a subsidiary of Unilever plc.Many challenges for HULs new bossCheap Flights from New Delhi to Toronto As low asFares Have Reduced, Book Your Flight nowadays Yatra.com www.Yatra.com Ads by GoogleAdd to My PageRead more on Hul Fmcg Mena Hindust an Unilever Sanjiv Mehta Nitin ParanjpeRELATED NEWSDiageo stirs USL in bid to shake Indian marketShreekant Sambrani Gandhis truth Then and nowITC looks away from fairness for men in personal washCabinet to take up edict on convicted netas on Oct 2Rahuls opinion well taken in party, govt CongSBI Life Insurance Plans1 Cr Life C everyplace Rs 543* pm Only Save upto 50%, Get Free Quotes Nowwww.policybazaar.com/Tax_SavingIDFC Mutual FundInvest in a wide range of Funds. Meet an Advisor in Your City Nowwww.idfcmf.com Ads by GoogleSanjiv Mehta has cut himself an unusual career for a chartered accountant. Rather than get going up the echelons of finance management, he was part of crisis management at his frontmost employer, and then the commercial guide on of home and personal care products and, lately, chairman of MENA (Middle East and North Africa) for Unilever, the second-largest fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) company in the world.As he takes over as chief executive at Unilevers India arm, and the countrys largest FMCG company, Hindustan Unilever (HUL), on Tuesday, he leave behind be the first to not have had a stint in Indian business before doing so.The current deceleration has not spared FMCG companies and though fortified on the back of an open offer and a reinforced run chain, HUL has challenges of its own to battle. If not for these, all Mehta had to do was ensure continuity to ride out the gloom. However, he willing now have to iron out creases at one of its bread and merelyter segments, skincare, at a time when HULs top brass drive on premiumisation is seeing resistance due to sobering consumer sentiment.ComparisonsThe company is different from the HUL in April 2008, when predecessor Nitin Paranjpe had taken over as CEO. Paranjpe, who joins the Unilever Leadership Executive, took on the role of president, home care, moved up the ranks inlaundry and home care and then personal care, right from be an area sales manager to being the executive di rector. He took the company out of the woods during the anterior slowdown that India had faced.Jyothy Laboratories joint managing director, Ullas Kamath, says Nitin breathed new life into HUL by doing away with power brands, increasing inelegant and semi-urban reach and, most important, building a team that worked hard, stayed together in the past five years. I wish Sanjiv all the best he should strive to not undo what has been done so far. some other industry peer points to the internal changes under Paranjpes watch and what Mehta would do well to preserve He brought Leena Nair on board and rehauled the human resources at HUL, with a young team which was answerable for bringing about results and members rotate every three years for a rounded experience. Various programmes also led to low-cost issue and an extensive distribution in the hinterlands. It is like HUL is now on auto-pilot and process-driven in a way that community are more aware of the company than the man behind it , which is the mark of a leader.Observers are by chance worried about the new CEOs rallying skills because Paranjpe did it very well. One of Paranjpes peers and batchmates says, HUL will have to be mindful of the drain of human capital to other organizations. ITC is also of a kindred size but it does not suffer as much. Paranjpe knew the system and got the top people on his side. He was quiet. Rather than be visible outside like Banga (CEO before him), he was visible inside the organisation and, hence, could influence top guys more.Mehta has not worked with the Indian team so far but taking over without rocking the boat at this time will be crucial. So far, in various interviews, he has verbalise about empowering people and developing them.Nirmal Jain, chairman, India Infoline (IIFL), says Mehta will have to reinforce the strategy so far, so that the morale of his team dust high. He is from an emerging markets background, so he will understand the focus on market share, recor d growth and spends on brands.ChallengesOne of Paranjpes peers and batchmates says, Mehta might need to reassure shareholders on not losing margins. He would have to think of ways in absorbing the pressure on hatful growth in these times. One of these could be telling them that HUL would take a hit on volume but maintain margins since it can afford to do so.IIFLs Jain wants Mehta to focus on inception and relaunches. Nikhil Vora, managing director at IDFC, says Paranjpe has been able to restrict market share losses and even grow in some categories. But the biggest challenge remains the absence of a funnel of new products, especially because its total categories are only expected to grow weaker.Jain says going into a service-led business of water purifiers preferably than sell bottled water amounts to HUL playing in a niche category, whereas it is better geared to succeed in mass segments.The clamour for plan can also be linked to how one of HULs erstwhile blockbusters has run into trouble of late. Fair and Lovely, a Rs 1,500-crore brand in personal care, a segment that contributes nigh 30 per cent to HULs revenue, is in a category (fairness) which is not growing. It shows a consumer disconnect with the brand, says Vora.Food remains a challenge. Analysts like Vora point to a lack of investment in the category. It has been historically coy with introducing innovation in snacks, foods and dairy. These are categories in which its competition has been active with innovation. It needs to get into these categories to stay formidable in the years to come.AheadIn his Bangladesh stint, Mehta was known to take risks and alter the operating style to turn slightly a troubled loss-making business, in two and a half years. He is also aware of the cultures in Southeast Asia and West Asia. In his first job with Union Carbide, he was part of the crisis management team after the Bhopal gas tragedy in 1984 and remained till 1992before joining Unilever in Dubai. Nitin Math ur, consumer research psychoanalyst with Espirito Santo Securities, says North Africa due to its proximity with markets in Europe has about 80-90 per cent media penetration and a greater presence of modern trade than India. While Bangladesh and West Asia not only boast of Indian expats but also media habits that are similar to India.Mehtas succeeding Paranjpe is reminiscent of the latters ascension in the downturn of 2008. However, at that time the FMCG sector was not hit and 2010-11 saw a boom. Will Mehtas emerging market exposure stand him in good stead now?

Fatty acid Essay Example for Free

Fatty acid EssayThe First straightforward Chocolate became an available in The United States in 18th century. The First Chocolate bar appeared virtually 1910. In 1998 we consumed 3. 3 billion pounds of chocolate or more than 12 pounds per persons (Leslie Chelsy, 2002). Since chocolate was valued for it impact effect, it became standard issue for the U. S. armed farces during word war II. Today, giving fine chocolates as an expression of make do is a long standing tradition. What would Valentine ? s Day be without chocolate? Also, both(prenominal) study suggests that some chocolate may be good for the heart. It is true that chocolate is rich in saturated rich acids, villains when it comes to raising cholesterol and attach our coronary arteries. The main component of cocoa butter is a rich acid known as stearic acid, which is rapidly converted in the liver to oleic acid, a monounsaturated that uncomplete raises or Lowers Serum cholesterol. For example, one study found that healthy young men on a 26 days diet in which a 37 percent of calories come from cocoa butter had no increase in their serum cholesterol and their cholesterol levels were no higher than if they had been on a diet in which the fat came from olive oil.Recent research suggests that chocolate may even nourish arteries from disease cocoa powder has been found to contain flavonoids, a type of phytochemical that is also present in red wine, green tea, peanuts, cranberries, strawberries, apples and many other fruits and vegetables. Flavonoids act as antioxidants, the depress the probability that artery-clogging cells will develop. nutritionist has discovered that flavonoids are known to function as antioxidants in blood stream. The greater the level of antioxidants, the lower the probability that artery-clogging cells will develop.For example, a 1. 5 0nce piece of chocolate contains approximately the same amount of flavonoids as 5 ounces of red wine, another product whit antioxidants. Cho colate high in flavonoids may repair cardiovascular health. Some research has indicated that chocolate may work similar to aspirin to help maintenance platelets in blood from sticking together or c kettle of fishhing. This improves blood flow and stern reduce the attempt of heart attack and strokes. It is not true that chocolate may build acne or pimples. A lot of people believe that chocolate is the main cause for acne.However, there is not evidence that chocolate cause acne or pimples. On the other hand, some chocolates contain palm oil or coconut oil, ii saturated fat that raise cholesterol levels. And do no one should expect to lose weight down one a chocolate diet nutritionists are concluding that there is little harm in eating two or three chocolate bars a week. Finally, chocolate is a yellowish brown gift in everywhere. I As think a red wine, enjoying chocolate container a flavonoids that can function as antioxidants. Also, dark chocolate can prevent heart attack and strokes.

The Social Construction of Race, Ethnicity, Class, and Gender Essay Example for Free

The Social Construction of Race, Ethnicity, Class, and Gender EssaySocialization is the unequal distribution of power, wealth, income and cordial office between single(a)s and aggroups. This distribution is not random, it is patterned and social organisationd. Three important axes of global inequality argon gender, track down and ethnicity, and class. These inequalities are on a global scale and are found in virtuall(a)y all societies. It wasnt until relatively recently, however, that a caste system developed to include race and ethnicity among class and gender.Since imperialism and the conquest of the Americas, a number of social changes have occurred, and, as a result, the dominant groups today are not however higher in the social order, in terms of rank, but they are considered mend as well. concord to Winant, there are two main excogitations of race, race as an ideological concept, and race as an object lens condition. Barbara Fields, genius of the main supporte rs and activists for the race as an ideological concept theory, explains the concept of race as a concept that arose to meet an ideological need its original effectiveness lay in its ability to reconcile exemption and slavery. Remember, Africans werent the only slaves, Asians, for example, were slaves too. This created a distinction between the white slave owners and all other races, and this was acceptable because their slaves were dismount than them, according to Fields theory, so it was okay to enslave other humans. Winant says that, Socio semipolitical circumstances change over diachronic time, racially defined groups? achieve mobility or remain mired in poverty, and so on. If race is considered an objective condition it doesnt give up for the reconceptualization of race, one simply is ones race. Most early theories of race took this stance and Stephen Jay Gould, as recently as 1981, has do similar claims. However, it is impossible to support such a theory on a number of gr ounds. First, its been scientifically proven that there are more genetic differences between a single race thus there are between different races. Second, it doesnt allow for any change ? certain races will incessantly be disappoint than other races. There are social beliefs which are present today that correct social stigmas on people who are affiliated with certain ethnicitys.Yen Le Espiritu puts forth the arguing that The exercise of political-economic domination by racial elites always involves attempts to objectify the subordinate group by brand subordinate groups as alternatively inferior, threatening, or praiseworthy. An example that is taking place today is that cosmetic mathematical process being per potpourried on Asian-American women, as Eugena Kaw points out in her article. In particular they are making changes to their look and noses to look more ideal. Is that okay though? Should one groups sense of ideal be forced upon other group?Many of the Asian-American women surveyed said their reason for undergoing cosmetic surgery was to form their own personal form of beauty. But why then did these women all undergo similar surgeries to ? correct how they look? Class is the one social construction that has existed since the beginning of history. There have always been those who oppress and those who are oppressed, from the serfs and lords of the middle ages to the mercenary and proletariat of today (According to Marx). The distinction of class today is different than its been in the past though.It used to be based on your heritage, but today it is based on capital, the more you have the higher and better you are. Many people feel that cultures that veil women, such as Muslims, make them suffer psychological and socioeconomic consequences. Homa Hoodfar discusses how the west equates veils with ignorance and oppression in her article. But throughout historic time and place, there has been a benefit division of labour in the allocation of econo mic tasks between men and women. This division has always been partially justified in terms of? biological differences. However, many feminists argue that we learn, through culturally specific socialization, how to be masculine and feminine and to assume the identities of men and women. Due to that fact that many societies proclaim masculine characteristics to be more socially ? useful and generally ? more important than feminine ones, a social structure often results where there are highly unequal gender relations. Even if women attain social/political rights equal to those of men its unlikely that all the sources of oppression of women will be removed.How is that fair? We are more biased today than ever before, at least there was some justification during the middle ages for why women couldnt be knights. But today mental capacity should be the major basis in the workplace. wherefore are women so under represented in government? Why do they get gainful less than 80% of what men get paid to do the same job? Why are women discriminated against today? Essentially, the social constructs of race, gender, ethnicity, and class are all the same thing.They all are ways to select people and put certain people on top. Not unlike capitalism where someone is on top and others are on the bottom (its also not surprising that the way we view the quaternion social constructs changed around the time that capitalism was being developed). Now that we have this whole in group out group view of society, can we ever go back to being color projection screen? Can we go back to people being distinguished based on who their allegiances are to or their character? The way we view the social constructs of society need to change.Peoples arbitrary biases shouldnt prevent someone from getting a job Its ludicrous to assume that because of the color of ones skin, or ones sex that someone is worse and lower than you. The very fact that there are still people today who see the white mans bill shows how backwards we really are, even in todays modern society. We need to stop segregating each and every individual as a collective of whites, blacks, men, women, Jews, Christians, etc. and start living as Americans because thats the only way that social progress will ever be made.

Comparison Essay Example for Free

Comparison EssayBoth of Emily Dickinsons poems ar about death. Because I Could Not Stop For Love is more(prenominal) about the cycle of life than death. I Heard a Fly Buzz When I Died relates to the final moment before death. Emily Dickinsons poems are both centered on death Because I Could Not Stop For wipeout is based more around upbeat and happy scenes, as where I Heard a Fly Buzz When I Died talks about the preparation before death.Although both poems have in truth different meaning, the two poems both focus on the terminusing of life. In the last line of Because I Could Not Stop For devastation Emily Dickinson says were toward timeless existence. In Dickinsons second poem it says, now she waits for the king to add together. In the first poem Dickinson refers to eternity meaning after death living for forever. In the second poem waiting for the king to come relates to the end of existence, when the king comes back to transmit us all.In Because I Could Not Stop For D eath has a happy ending and is a very appealing poem. Dickinson describes a girl being picked up in a carriage for all of lifes journeys. Where Dickinsons second poem was a serious poem, describing the build up right before death. She mentions the stillness in the air, and breath-gathering firm. One poem is very heart warming and, the other is very serious.These poems ultimately have the same meaning, but both take a different look at death. The first poem contains the process of life before death, and how she is running(a) for a new beginning. Dickinsons second poem talks about her death being the end of everything, Dickinson even mentions decaying in the grave. The first poem has a positive outlook on death, and the second portrays a rough end to life.

It is important to know right from wrong Essay Example for Free

It is important to be intimate expert from disparage EssayDuring this essay I am press release to try to prove that it is important to know properly form wrong. I am also sack to explain how different cultures backgrounds and circumstances terminate change piles morals on right and wrong.An example of how mess morals git changes due to circumstances is war. How is war different to murder? War bath be defending the country you live in from being invaded and gainn over. If your countries s oldishiers dont shoot the invading soldiers then you would either be dead or living somewhere everything about you is con rampred wrong just because of you nationality. However, war can be attack where your country is the one who is invading a nonher. But either instruction, does the little man swallow a extract? The little man has to do what his removeer tells him to avoid being named a betrayer or being killed by the enemy. In my opinion war isnt murder. If both sides have we apons and neither side has a choice because if they dont shoot first then theyll end up dead. Its a no progress situation.However, a soulfulness who commits murder can have a choice. Murders can happen due to avaricious or r plainge or raze pure hate of the person. But the murderer has a choice or whether or not to take someone elses life. at that place is an exception in my opinion of soulfulness who is beaten up or constantly being injured by his or her spouse. Im not adage women who get beaten up or men who do because it can happen both ways. There is a point in some state where they snap and cant take any more(prenominal) and their hidden anger get released and they can murder someone in a moment of losing control.This does fuck off up the question Is suicide murder? and one which I cant answer myself for many another(prenominal) reasons and consequently Im un adequate to(p) to give my opinion on it. Some people may consider self distress to be a sickness and that e ven thinking about suicide is murdering yourself. If the life is yours to take who decides if you take it or not? Other people, maybe those who have considered it themselves believe it can be a way of escaping a situation rather than fighting through it and even that considering it is just bringing them to a determination that nonexistence else has reached yet.Is murder right or wrong? Murder is wrong in circumstances and can be right in others, the same for suicide. It all depends on the point of ascertain that somebody looks at it from. There be always going to be exceptions in murder and suicide so nobody can give a clear right or wrong answer.Another example of right and wrong is the black and white version. The law is in black and white and doesnt consider exceptions in many cases. The legal age of understanding the difference between right and wrong is ten years old in the United Kingdom. No child under the age of ten can be prosecuted and even those who are older are very rarely prosecuted as the CPS (Crown Prosecution Service) doesnt always tally to go ahead with the cases. Some cases do go through such as the case when Robert Thompson and Jon Venables off James Bulger. The CPS did agree with prosecuting them as they had taken a life and the chance of getting a conviction was realistic. The law has to be in black and white to ensure they treat everybody equallyTo know the difference between right and wrong you have to have substantial judgement to know when something you are doing is wrong. Growing up living in a location where burglary and violence are everyday occurrences can tilt the persons point of view on right and wrong. Circumstances can change the way their view is on different situations and the basic common sense that people have can cause the person to have different outlooks on different situations. This can cause their view of right and wrong to lead them to things they wouldnt do other wise and end up in prison for committing a cri me that they didnt even know is wrong. Is it possible to unknowingly do something wrong? I believe that it is possible to do something wrong without realising it is wrong. It depends on common sense and the situation.In my opinion it is important to know the difference between right and wrong. If you dont then you can do things unknowingly that are wrong and kill somebody due to not understanding the consequences of your actions. This makes it important to know the difference and be able to judge a situation on whether its right or wrong yourself.Ethics and morals are part of everybodys opinions on whether something is right or wrong that means that your opinion has more influence on your actions and the way you treat other people than you realise. The problem with just saying it is wrong to murder or war is murder is that things arent that simple. The world isnt in black and white like the law, it is in colour and so many things and situations have an exception, which is why people have to understand the difference between right and wrong so they can be able to judge the world for themselves.

Ebt Classroom Management Essay Example for Free

Ebt disciplineroom focus Es ordainThis is a free additional chapter for Evidence Based inform by Geoff Petty (2006) Nelson Thornes. It cig bet be d induceloaded from www. geoffpetty. com. The book as a whole combines and summarises research on which teaching methods and strategies fix dress hat, and let offs these strategies with examples. advert the agate lines at the end of this chapter for to a greater extent detail. Can I get my disciples to be aim better? The evidence is emphatic, yes you stinker And we deal how. on that point ar of course very m each strategies determinationed to better divideroom charge and discipline, exactly which ones decease?Robert Marzano (2003) summarised the let onings of over 100 reports on lineroom management, including 134 rigorous experiments designed to find forth which classroom management techniques work trump. These experiments were carried out with real teachers in real classrooms. This chapter draws heavily on this meta-study of Marzanos, and comp ars strategies to find out which is vanquish. Such studies of studies are the best source of evidence on what whole shebang as they entangle and integrate every(prenominal) reliable evidence. For a full account see Classroom Management that industrial plant Robert Marzano et al (2003) for the detail, it is tumesce up worth reading.These experiments give out us what teachers collect made work, rather than reporting hunches and covetous thinking. No special training is required to use these strategies. If you are a reasonably experienced teacher, undecomposed experiment with the following methods, and you should get convinced(p) results kind of quickly. You provide demand to give them a upright try for a fewer lessons before you and your assimilators get the hang of them. The investment go out be well worth it as their correctd behaviour and motivation leave behind begin to show. Less experienced teachers may need more than time to make the strategies work.Marzanos meta-study describes four basic approaches that contain been found to mitigate behaviour in classrooms. Their potentness is compared in the table down the stairs. Comparing the effectiveness of aspects of classroom management honest effect- size Number of disciples or pupils Number of studies Decrease in number of flusters(Average for the studies) Summary of experimental data from Marzano (2003) Rules and proceduresStrategies to the whole wayly and simply express rules and separate packations of student behaviour. Also to justify these cogently from the teachers and students denominate of view.For greatest effect the rules are negotiated with students 0. 76 626 10 28% instructor-student kinsStrategies to remedy the rapport, and mutual respect in the midst of teacher and student 0. 87 1110 4 31% Disciplinary interventionsThe effective use of sticks and carrots to enforce the rules depict above 0. 91 3322 68 32% Mental setStr ategies to develop your awareness of what is termination on in your classroom and why. A conscious control over your thoughts and feelings when you respond to a disruption. 1. 3 502 5 40%Marzano grouped high quality research studies on classroom management into the four categories above, and therefore mensurable an average effect size for each. Effect size is explained in chapter 4, they are a measure of how effective a outline is. If you striket last well-nigh effect sizes look preferably at the last column in the tables percentage reduction in the number of disruptions. For example, in experiments on strategies that imply teachers in devising rules and procedures the number of disruptions in the classroom was trim back by 28% on average. This is in comparison with non devising explicit rules and procedures.In experiments, scarcely one strategy rear be used at a time. (If two were used, we would not know which caused any positive effects. ) heretofore, you notify pa tently use strategies in all these categories at once. This will take for a greater effect than apply strategies in one category alone. However, it is not statistically valid to add the effect sizes or the percentages in the table to find their combined effect. If you find this a bit bewildering, just remember that the strategies that teachers made work best are those with a large percentage in the last column in the tables. However you are uniqueYou dexterity not get the alike results as an average teacher. So the best results will probably come from concentrating on the category that you or your students engender most difficulty with, or that you have considered least in your teaching. The final test is what works in your classroom, try the methods for a few weeks and see what happens I will now look at the strategies that have been found to work best in each of Marzanos four categories. I will only outline these, and if you want more detail please read the following chapters in my Teaching right away, which have more strategies and more detail.I am relieved to produce these chapters are very much in line with the Marzano findings. or else follow up one of the Chapters in Teaching Today that might be answerful 7 The teacher l brightener relationship and equal opportunities foliate 77 8 Classroom management page 96 9 Discipline and problem solvingpage 108 references at the end of the chapter. Some teachers think a well-planned, raise lesson will by itself pr razet disruption. Or that if the teacher is entirely benign and respectful of students, conflict will simply melt away. This isnt the case.We very much start our teaching careers with these assumptions, further enlightenment usually doesnt take long. All teachers experience problems with behaviour, its just that some are better at preventing it, and transaction with it. nevertheless how? The strategies that teachers have made work best in experiments are explained below, with the theory out lined. However, if you are only interested in the strategies themselves look for the strategy icon in the margin Improving your use of rules and procedures You might be forgiven for believing that how students should behave in classrooms is blindingly obvious, and accounting is entirely unnecessary.However, experiments show that classrooms become much more postly when rules are stated, or better still negotiated, discussed and fully justified. It seems the small blighters need persuading of the obvious So 1. Create rules Decide for yourself what rules and procedures will maximise learning, and would create a superb atmosphere in your class. instead adapt the rules in the box on page 4. Express these rules positively rather than as a list of donts. There should be a maximum of about 8 rules at petty(a) level, some say less at the elementary level. 2. Justify rules.Work out to your own mirth a persuasive case for each of these rules, however obvious this is. Im afraid because I say so is not a persuasive justification Very early on, perhaps in your first meeting with the class, explain that you want an effective, fair and happy classroom, and a set of rules and procedures to achieve this. There are two main ways to do this, set out in 3 and 4 below. 3. Discuss rules with the class. Discuss why we have laws, rules and procedures in football, families, and in society. Ask for examples. (Avoid the off-side rule even if you visit it ) What would happen if we didnt have rules?Explain that the office of class rules is not to pump your megalomania, but to improve learning, and to ensure people enjoy the class. 4. Negotiate to get commitment. Suggest your set of rules as a start, request for deletions, additions and jots. Be prepared to justify and compromise. (Alternatively intercommunicate the class to devise their own set of rules as set forth in 5 below. ) * Consider subscribe toing students to work in small groups to make sticky note responses to your rules. Then display and discuss these as a class. * Consider asking each group to design a neb to illustrate one of the rules, and display these on the notice board.These stop then be used as a inspireer in subsequent lessons. * Students could literally sign up to the rules as political leaders sign treaties. Refer to the rules as our rules not as mine. 5. Get the class to devise their own rules. Especially with older or more responsible groups you could ask them to come up with their own class rules. It may service to start this process off if you give them issues such as how faeces we make sure everyone gets the help they need? .Or you could ask them what has worked in other classrooms. * Students ignore work in groups to devise rules on different aspects of class management, e.g. bringing materials communicationing at functionance and punctuality, etc * The class can then discuss and then vote on suggestions * Then you go away and make up the set of rules. You have every right to the last say of course.If you reject a popular suggestion explain why. present is a typical set of rules at secondary or college level. It is of course best to devise your own 1. Treat others as you want to be treated yourself. Be positive and helpful. evaluate to help two other people every day. 2. Treat other peoples holding at least as well as you would treat your own. 3.Hands up if you want to say something when the teacher, or another student is public lecture. 4. get intot distract others from their work. Only talk to neighbours, and only about work. 5. If you are stuck ask neighbours for help first, then ask Mr Petty. 6. No unpleasantness, snatching or hitting. If you cant lick a disagreement yourself, or with your group, deliberate Mr Petty 7. Leave the room better than you found it. The find here is to get students to buy into the rules and to see them as their own, and as worth victualsing and enforcing. Other uses of rules * propel students of any relev ant rules before a potentially disruptiveactivity. This is more positive than only responding to disruption and has been found to reduce disruption by about 25%. You could even gather students a bust the poster that illustrates the rule(s) and ask them for the justification for it. * If a rule is broken remind the student that, we agreed.. and remind them that they are part of a group so must keep to team rules. Be a team player could be a heading on the list of rules * Get students to self assess their own behaviour against the rules with a self-assessment form. Then use this to set themselves targets for improvement. See the example belowSelf-assessmentIs((student name here)). a team player? I kept to this rule always often some-times never Treat others as you want to be treated yourself Hands up if you want to say something when the teacher is talking Dont distract others from their work Etc.. Improvement since my last self assessmentWhat I need to wor k on most is If you use self-assessment consider the following * Asking students to remind themselves of their self-assessed targets at the beginning of a class (see the last row in the self assessment form above).Tell them you will ask them to self-assess any improvement at the end of the same class. * Allow students to compensate themselves with a sticky blemish against their name on your notice board if they have improved, say, twice running in these self-assessments. Yes I know this sounds toe-curlingly naff, but the less mature students often love this. Strategies to improve teacher-student relationships If you have read chapter 25 you will recognise the value driven management and leadership approach that was so successful in managing staff. The strategies below have reduced disruptions in classrooms by 31% on average.Good teacher-student relations ensure that students have a more positive attitude to the teacher and to learning, and make them more carely to accept rules an d any disciplining. They turn the classroom into a conjunct team, and reduce antagonism. So even if you detest the little suitcase of demons, its worth developing heavy relations with them, and if you do, you might find that you dont detest them quite as much What is the nature of good teacher-student relations? Marzano (2003) quotes internationally renowned research by Theo Wubbels, whose findings remind me of the old staffroom adage be strict but fair.Wubbels has found that the most effective teachers are both dominant (strong leaders) and cooperative (helpful, friendly and fair), but they are neither to extreme. This is shown diagrammatically below. The Ideal teacher-student relationship Dominant * Strong sense of purpose in pursuing clear goals for learning and for class management. * Leadership. Tends to orchestrate and control * Prepared to discipline un apologetically Too dominant * Too controlling * Lack of fearfulness for students * Teacher student relations damaged Id eal teacher- student relationship Opposition.* Treats students as the enemy * Expresses anger and aggravator * Need to win if there is a disagreement between teacher and students Cooperative * Great concern for the necessitate and opinions of students. * Helpful, friendly * Avoids strife and seeks consensus Too cooperative * Too understanding and accepting of apologies * Waits for students to be seduce * Too desirous to be accepted by students Submission * Lack of clarity of purpose * Keeps a low profile * Tendency to submit to the will of the class * Entirely unassertive, rather glum and apologeticThe diagram tries to show that the most effective teachers have found an optimal balance between cooperation and dominance. They are not so dominant that they fail to cooperate, nor so cooperative that they fail to lead. The precise approach will of course depend on the nature of the class some need more dominance or more cooperation than others. Research has as well as shown that stud ents prefer the dominant-cooperative mix about twice as much as the purely cooperative style, or indeed any other style. Wubbels has found that teachers raw to the profession tend to start too cooperatively and with insufficient dominance.However after 6 to 10 years they often become too dominant. To improve student-teacher relations experiment with some or all of the following strategies which other teachers have made work well. Are you better at dominance or cooperation? Ideally you should substantiate your weakest style, even if you also work on your strongest. Many students are coping with stress, difficult home draw and worry about abuse, depression, eating disorders and so on. If your students experience such social and psychological strains you will need to attend to these as well trying the strategies that follow.This goes beyond the scope of this chapter. The FATE approach in Teaching Today may help, as will Marzano (2003). Strategies to increase your dominance (leadersh ip) Dont be guide off by the word dominance. It means to become an effective leader, to pursue, vigorously and enthusiastically, a clear path towards both important learning goals, and good behaviour in the classroom. It does not mean to chasse about in jackboots barking orders. We are doing this for the students, so we need not be shy about winning charge and accepting responsibility. 1. Ground RulesIf you negotiate ground rules with students, and consequences for not keeping them as described on page , then you have already shown this attribute to some considerable extent. 2. Orientation Clarify the purpose and the key points in each way out before it is taught, including a persuasive reason for studying it. If you have read chapter 16 you will remember that these methods had very high effect sizes. (An effect size of 0. 5 for a strategy means that if it is done well students learn the topic about a socio-economic class better. An effect size of 1. 0 gives a two-grade impro vement.By grade I mean an improvement uniform to a GCSE or A level grade, but just for that topic of course. ) Strategy Effect size from Marzano Goal setting before introducing a new topic. E. g. your goal is to use the information in this topic to solve this problem in the case study. 0. 97 Goals which the students are involved in shrewd 1. 21 Advance organisers (summary in advance of what is about to be learned along with a persuasive case for studying it) 0. 48 for easy topics0. 78 for more demanding topics Highly specific behavioural objectives At the end of this lesson you should be able to 0.12 Another way of setting goals is to discuss with students the assessment criteria for the labor they will do, as long as they real understand these. 3. Authoritative bole language pop out absolutely confident and in control, especially when you are not. When interacting with students, especially if dealing with misbehaviour, your dominance is conveyed by body language. This includ es proximity, confident posture, and tone of voice (not shrill or untamed, but authoritative. ) In Teaching Today I describe the PEP approach, which stands for * proximity dominance is increased by walking dearr to the student. walk around the classroom, if you notice students about to misconduct stand by their desk. When you talk to students stand a little too close for comfort but dont invade personal space. This is not an easy judgement. * Eye take Holding eye contact expresses dominance, especially if you hold it for some time. What you say will be taken more seriously if you hold eye contact first for a few seconds, then say it maintaining the eye contact, then maintain eye-contact for a few seconds more. * Posing questions. precedent than breaking a student off for not working, ask questions such as Why have you not started? Do this with proximity and eye contact. This has much more effect than getting angry or raising your voice, and will make you appear much more in control. The combined effect of close proximity and sustained eye contact can be very powerful indeed, so dont over do it. Strategies to increase Cooperation organism cooperative sounds easy, until you notice it means being cooperative with the worst behaved students in your class. This can try a saint. As so often in educational problems, we have a vicious cycle to deal with here, but with determination we can turn it into a virtuous cycleVicious cycle The student misbehaves more or works less well You are less positive, friendly and fair towards the student You dislike the student more and/or The student dislikes you and your classes more In your direct control Breaking this cycle is wicked, but it can be done. If you stick to it ensures the student behaves better, learns better, but it also makes your life much easier. You will need to have negotiated clear rules with your students as described earlier, then you can start to dispel this cycle. This requires a great deal of emo tional unselfishness and/or patience and restraint.If you cannot muster the generosity, try acting Probably the only part of the cycle you can break is You are less positive, friendly and fair towards the student here are some strategies that break the cycle here 1. Catch them doing something right. Keep an eye on them, and when you notice they are doing something right, even by accident, comment on this positively in private. Well done, youve made a start. Many students who misbehave are attention seekers, and if they earn attention for behaving well, they are less likely to steal attention by misbehaving.You can even bribe such students Thats an interesting start, when youve finished the question let me know and I will have a look at it A promise of attention like this will often motivate students, but do keep your promise. See Madsen et al (1968) 2. Put the student into intensive care. There is a violent method to do this, which in your darkest moments often appeals Here is a leg al way. As well as catching them doing something right Smile, use their name positively, ask for their opinion in class discussion, try to find something positive to say about their response.Make a point of looking at their work, and comment favourably about any genuine effort or achievement. Talk to them about it. Thats an interesting point, what made you think of that? . Keep high expectations however I know you can do this. Be patient and helpful. If you react like this it shows you are not go by their misbehaviour. Warning The above advice can be overdone. Dont try too hard with intensive care especially, as you will be disliked if you appear desperate to be liked. The incantation is to make your behaviour seem very natural, and the way you teach everyone.So you must give this same attention to at least some well-behaved students nearby too. More general advice about increase cooperation includes other ways of showing that you value students as individuals 3. Learn and use the ir names 4. Communicate conversationally with students, Dont just talk about learning issues. When they are coming into, or going out of the classroom ask their opinion Do you think your haircut would suit me? . What do you think of the new library? . Ask about hobbies, attitudes and opinions, 5. Use eye contact and proximity to spread your influence about the whole room. 6.Negotiate difficulties with the class. I am having problems with students not giving in work, whats the problem? What can we do about this? The strategies on page 17 and 18 also help with cooperation. Improving corrective interventions The strategies that follow reduced disruptions in classrooms by 31% on average. There has been a heated struggle for some decades over whether teachers should use flabby punishments, or should only give students praise and recognition for take away behaviour. You may not be surprised to find that Marzanos meta-study, having statistically compared these approaches, shows that yo u are best doing both.However, while nearly all teachers will use mild punishments, few give enough recognition for good behaviour. If you only use punishments, such as telling students off in response to inappropriate behaviour, then you can create a negative, nagging image for yourself. Also, attention-seekers will begin to misbehave in order to get your attention, as it is the most effective way. Effect sizes are from Marzano (2003) Average effect-size Number of studies Decrease in number of disruptions Disciplinary Interventions RemindersReminding students of relevant rules just before they start an activity. E. g. reminding them of the ground-rules for working in groups before get-go a group-work activity 0. 64 70 24% Sticks Mild punishments 0. 78 40 28% Carrots Strategies that reward students for appropriate behaviour including recognition, praise, symbols etc. 0. 86 101 31% Carrots plus sticksUsing both mild punishments, and strategies that reward students for appropria te behaviour with recognition symbols etc. 0. 97 12 33% Reminders.Many teachers are reactive, waiting for disruption and then responding to it, yet reminding students of the ground-rules for a forthcoming activity is a very positive and quite effective strategy. If you have agreed class rules, and students have designed posters to illustrate them, gather students round the posters to discuss the rules, and ask questions about why we have them. This need not take long, yet has reduced the number of disruptions in experiments by almost a quarter on average. Carrots strategies to reinforce appropriate behaviour.This works better than just telling students off, and most of us dont do it enough. Try these strategies 1. Tokens or symbols Here is an example. A teacher asks each student to start off the lesson with five behaviour points. Or they might only do this with two or three problematical students. The students write five 1s on a piece of paper on their desk. During the class the te acher places an extra 1 if the student is working well, and crosses one off when they are not. Students often dont need an explanation for the removal of a point if the class rules are clear.Simply praising good behaviour also works remarkably well, Madsen et al (1968). At the end of the class the student records how many behaviour points they have on a proforma. This might ask them to set targets for improvement. They might also be able to permute these points for privileges such as sitting where they want, or giving out materials etc. It is important to explain the arrangement you use and why to help you become better and more mature learners. It should not be seen as a bribe even when privileges are given.These are often laughed off by teachers, but they really work and are greatly underused Tokens and symbols can include * A thumbs up sign, wink, smile, praise etc to a student working well. It works especially well with problematical students * Official Pat On The Back, this c an be public or private. It is fun to say this with capital letters and administer it with mock ceremony, but not sarcastically * Recognition in class notices, bulletins or notice-boards * Round of applause or even standing ovation * Encouraging words * Open microphone.The student is asked to speak to the class to explain how they succeeded, or, if you are brave, to make any point they like. * Smiley faces, points, or stickers on a privately held record card, that you can ask to see and use as the basis for discussion on behaviour improvement. * Smiley faces, points or stickers on a publicly displayed class list * Badges e. g. Im an improver The gal done good * Displaying work * Letters home saying that behaviour is good or has improved. Most students regard this as very significant and it doesnt cost that much.You could also use e-mail, text message, or phone message, but letters are permanent and you dont even need to put a sealing wax on as students will be keen to take them hom e. They can be used to earn * Privileges such as sitting where you demand, helping to give out materials, leading groups, being allowed to present to the class, etc * Class pressure points which the class can spend to persuade you not to set homework one special(prenominal) week, or to allow more time to prepare for a test etc.* The opportunity to choose the work they do or the way they work. E.g. be able to write up their work on a classroom computing machine. * Letters, e-mails or text messages home, after say three weekly improvements * College or trail certificates for mature behaviour.These can be given in half-termly award ceremonies presented by the head of department * Being chosen to present to another class, or at parents evening or adequate to(p) evening * A class trip or visit earned if the class all improve in behaviour * Home privileges such as being allowed to keep your TV or information processing system games in your bedroom, to rent a video or buy a computer game.This clearly requires maternal(p) involvement. See the case study in the box below. 2. Self-assessment Students can use the self-assessment process described on page 5 to award themselves points or stickers etc. 3. Contingent rewards These makes use of peer pressure to improve behaviour a. Class carrots if the whole class behaves or improves. E. g. If the whole class reduces calling out instead of putting their hands up, then the whole class earn pressure points (described in the above box), or are allowed to go and see the Art Departments final show of work.Success needs to be defined carefully, for example no more than three people calling out in each class for at least one week. b. Class carrots if a specific individual or group of students behaves well or improves. This needs to be treated with caution. E. g. We are all going to help to keep Philip in his seat. If you are next to him remind him if he belongs. If he does move, dont talk to him. If Philip doesnt get out of his place inappropriately for a week, the whole class gets five aggroup Player Points and Philip gets ten. Sticks strategies that involve mild punishment.This works best in conjunction with the carrots above. Marzanos metastudy stresses that the effect of this strategy comes from consistency rather than severity. Case studies with the use of rewards and punishments. TES 16th June 2006 www. tes. co. uk/search/story/? story_id=2250510 Duncan Harper, Head of a modified school says many children are miss-labelled as autistic or having Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( attention deficit hyperactivity disorder). He believes their poor attention span etc is due to being too tired to work after disbursal four to five hours a night watching TV or playing computer games.20% of his 58 children are diagnosed autistic, and 50% ADHD. But Harper thinks non are autistic, and only 2 have ADHD He develops excellent relationships with the parents, who are contacted by phone every two week s. He arranges with them to remove TVs and computer games from bedrooms if the students behaviour/tiredness does not improve. Harper himself made seven such removals that year. A recent inspection graded the school as outstanding in all categories. Evidence is growth that poor sleep is affecting students behaviour, thinking and learning.Try Googling sleep student attainment. Consistency and assertiveness The punishment itself seems less important than your consistency in expecting a rule to be obeyed, and your assertiveness when talking to students or punishing them when you have to. Assertiveness is not the same as hostility. It is linked with dominance mentioned earlier and means that when you deal with class management you are firm, unemotional, matter of fact, unapologetic, confident and backing like. It often includes a reminder to the student that you are implementing agreed class rules, not personal dictats.Being hostile angry or very strict is less effective, and may sugge st to students that you are losing control. Be assertive say you are dealing with a student who has been persistently talking. You have warned her that if she talks inappropriately again, you will move her. Despite this, she continues to talk. You could get angry, sarcastic and over-strict at this point. But it is more effective to be assertive 1. Proximity and eye contact. Walk up to the student (proximity), with a firm upright posture, and fix them with eye contact . There should be little emotion in your voice or face.Just a business like confidence. 2. Ask for what you want in a decisive manner, act as if you mean it, and expect to be obeyed. The pitch of your voice should not be shrill, only slightly raised. I want you to move next to John now. But Pete started it 3. Listen, but use the broken record. Listen to such legitimate objections. It sometimes helps to repeat the objection to show you have listened as below. However do not accept denials, blaming or other arguing unle ss a genuinely strong case is made. It is the students duty to keep the class rules despite difficulties.Repeat what you want. Even if Pete did start it, you should not have talked again. Please move now. But thats not fair (This process of listening, perhaps acknowledging what was said, but then repeating what you want continues as long as necessary. This is sometimes called the broken record. ) You remain firm unruffled and business like. We all agreed our class rules are fair. Please move. 4. Defer discussion but require obedience. If the student persists tell them that they are wasting valuable class time, and must continue this conversation after the class.In the in the meantime they must move. Repeat this once if necessary very firmly. 5. Withdraw. If they still dont move remind them that defiance is a very serious There is a list of responses to inappropriate behaviour in Teaching Today 3rd edition, pages 117-8 offence and that they must see you after the class. Walk away to call attention the dialogue is now over. The student might now move. If not, seek guidance from tutors and class managers defiance is a health and safety issue as they might not even stop doing something dangerous when you tell them to. 6.Use Discipline Plans. If a student does not respond to assertive behaviour like this and problems persist, consult tutors and managers. Sit down with the student in a private one to one situation, and draw up a Discipline Plan Allen. T (1996) * State the relevant class rules and explain why they help everybody learn and help create a happy classroom * Ask the student why they have a problem keeping the rule(s) and what would help them keep it better. Stress that the rule must be kept despite the stated difficulties. Ask them to become a team player.